Starting in 1967, the Israel Antiquities Authority began archaeological excavations adjacent to the Wall. The project was dramatic and emotional, entangled in political and religious sensitivities. It required caution, discretion, and transparency — to preserve the ancient findings while avoiding tension or conflict.
The Initial Excavations – Revealing the Depth of the Wall
The first entry point was through an underground shelter on Hagai Street in the Old City. A narrow tunnel led researchers along the subterranean length of the Western Wall.
The work was slow and demanding: removing debris, supporting walls, documentation, and conservation. The goal was to uncover the full length of the Wall beyond what is visible in the current prayer plaza.
Archaeologists eventually exposed the entire vertical depth of the Wall — more than 17 meters. They revealed Second Temple-era street levels, drainage channels, massive stones, water cisterns, subterranean gates, and ancient arches.
Spectacular Discoveries – A Testament to the Temple’s Grandeur
- The Western Stone – Measuring 13.6 meters long, 3.5 meters high, and weighing approximately 570 tons.
- Warren’s Gate – An ancient gate that may have once led to the Temple Mount.
- Wilson’s Arch – Remains of a bridge that connected to the Temple Mount.
- The Herodian Street – Elaborate paving stones from the time of Herod.
- Struthion Pool – A large subterranean water reservoir.
- Hasmonean Drainage Channel – An ancient drainage system beneath the city.
Between Politics and Archaeology
Throughout the years, the excavations were accompanied by political and religious controversies. At times, the work was halted, and sometimes it was carried out at night. There were periods when public access to the site was strictly forbidden.
Only in the 1990s was the site’s status regulated, and the first organized group tours began. The Western Wall Heritage Foundation took responsibility for the site’s operation, preservation, and public accessibility.
A Living, Ever-Evolving Site
Today, the Western Wall Tunnels are one of Israel’s most significant archaeological and tourist sites. They offer a rare glimpse into the history of Jerusalem — from the Hasmonean era, through the days of Herod, to the destruction of the Second Temple.
The excavations are ongoing. Researchers continue to uncover and study, while tours include cutting-edge technologies, virtual displays, multilingual explanations, and engaging activities for all ages.
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